Preterm birth is the delivery of a baby before 37 completed weeks’ gestation. Only around two thirds of low birth weight infants are preterm. In developing countries, low birth weight is probably caused by intrauterine growth restriction. Maternal under-nutrition and chronic infection in pregnancy are the main factors that cause intrauterine growth restriction. The main contributing factors were found to be poor socioeconomic status, maternal status and maternal under nutrition which resulted into multiple health problem of children. The dietary intake of mother depends on various socio-economic and cultural factors. Thus, it is very essential to investigate the extent of relationship that exists between paternal, maternal and socio-economic environment factors and the birth weight of the neonates.
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